Evidence of Exclusion in Academic Medicine

Articles

• Gender and Emergency Physicians' Experiences of Leading Decision Making About Restraint Use: A Qualitative Study Although ample literature describes risks of physical restraints and emergent chemical sedation to patients, the intersection of clinical leadership and gender has not been previously explored.
• Gender Differences in Autonomy Granted to Residents and Fellows During Procedural Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Supervisors may be prone to implicit (unintentional) bias when granting procedural autonomy to trainees due to the subjectivity of autonomy decisions.
• Informed Inclusion Model: Medical Student Wheelchair User in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship This article describes successful disability inclusion for an Ob/Gyn clerkship, including accommodations for medical student wheelchair users.
• Gender Disparity in Full Professor Rank Among Academic Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the differences between men and women in achieving benchmarks for promotion and analyze where such differences lie geographically and within specialties.
• Seeing is Believing: Mentorship Fosters Hope in Students Underrepresented in Medicine Mentorship should be considered an essential component of any institution's infrastructure to increase equity and support URiM students.
• Covered in the Operating Room: Carving Out Space for My Hijab I was shown there was value in actively choosing my personal identity - my hijab - in order to build my professional identity, not in spite of it.
• Mitigating Microaggressions in Medical Education Through the TRAUMA Framework Given that microaggressions can result in specific emotional, psychological, and physical challenges for underrepresented medical students, it is imperative that the medical education community focus efforts on reducing them and their impact through appropriate responses.
• Unseen Inequities: Addressing Health Care Disparities Faced by Asian American Women Armed with a more holistic comprehension of the cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic factors that impact the health outcomes of this often-overlooked population, our future physicians will be better equipped to provide patient-centered care and to ensure equitable access to health care services.
• Challenges Faced by International Medical Students in the United States The United States has always been a desirable destination for international students seeking higher education, including medical degrees. However, for non-U.S. citizens or permanent residents, the path to becoming a physician in the United States is challenging.
• What Can We Really Learn From a Profile Picture? Eliminate Profile Pictures From Residency Interview Selection Applicants from underrepresented minority (URM) groups are less likely to be interviewed and admitted into graduate medical education (GME) programs—despite their performance being indistinguishable from their non-URM peers
• Differences in Trainee Evaluations of Faculty by Rater and Ratee Gender To examine whether gender differences exist in medical trainees’ (residents’ and fellows’) evaluations of faculty at a number of clinical departments.
• Structural Inequities in the Treatment of Standardized Patients and What that Means for Patient Care Standardized patients (SPs) play a pivotal role in medical education. They are proxies for real patients, preparing students to meet the challenges of excellent patient care. 
• All Quality Review is Biased, So Appreciate the Bias (No abstract available)
• Dismantling the Overpolicing of Black Residents Black residents face higher rates of remedial interventions and dismissal than do their White counterparts. Such overpolicing affects the mental health of trainees as well as their careers.
  
• “I’d rather see action”: Application and recruitment experiences of underrepresented in emergency medicine trainees The emergency medicine (EM) physician workforce is largely composed of white men. Despite recruitment efforts over the past decade, there has not been a significant increase of trainees with underrepresented racial and ethnic identities in EM (URM).
• Beyond diversity and inclusion: Developing a research agenda for anti-racism in emergency medicine education Addressing racism in emergency medicine education is vital for providing optimal training and assessment of physicians in the specialty, developing physicians with the skills necessary to advocate for their patients, and recruiting and retaining a diverse group of physicians. 
• Editors as Gatekeepers: One Medical Education Journal's Efforts to Resist Racism in Scholarly Publishing. Journals have begun to expand the racial diversity of editors as a first step to countering institutional racism. Given the power editors hold as gatekeepers, a diverse team helps ensure that minoritized scholars have equal opportunity to contribute. In 2021, Teaching and Learning in Medicine (TLM) created an editorial internship for racially minoritized individuals.
• Codesigning Policy-Based Solutions to Discrimination and Harassment in Academic Medicine: An Inclusive Approach. Academic medicine institutions have historically employed policies as a means to tackle various types of discrimination and harassment within educational and professional settings, thereby affirming their dedication to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion.
  
• Spotlighting the imbalance: Gender disparities among speakers and awardees at pediatric emergency medicine conferences Gender disparities exist among national speakers and award recipients. PEM represents the intersection of pediatrics, a female-dominated specialty with approximately 58% women, and emergency medicine, a male-dominated specialty.
  
• Emergency medicine physician workforce attrition differences by age and gender Emergency care workforce concerns have gained national prominence given recent data suggesting higher than previously estimated attrition. With little known regarding characteristics of physicians leaving the workforce, we sought to investigate the age and number of years since residency graduation at which male and female emergency physicians (EPs) exhibited workforce attrition. 
  
• The High Cost of Audition Rotations on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Residency Match Process The medical residency Match process is costly. While residency interviews are expensive, audition rotations may be even more expensive, with an average cost of more than $2,000 per applicant per season. 
  
•  Achieving Equity in Academic Medicine A Call for Allyship Allyship is defined as “a strategic mechanism used by individuals to become collaborators who fight injustice and promote equity through supportive personal relationships and public acts of sponsorship and advocacy.”
  
• Towards a Larger, More Representative & Fulfilled Health Professions Workforce In the United States, as in many countries throughout the world, there is an increasing need for health care coupled with a significant shortage of health professionals.
  
• Race & Ethnic Disparities in ED Buprenorphine Opioid overdose deaths have disproportionately impacted Black and Hispanic populations, in part due to disparities in treatment access. Emergency departments (EDs) serve as a resource for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), many of whom have difficulty accessing outpatient addiction programs.
  
• Gender Diff in Language Used by Students to Describe Med Student Performance The noteworthy characteristic (NC) section of the medical student performance evaluation (MSPE) was introduced to facilitate holistic review of residency applications and mitigate biases. The student-written aspect of the characteristics, however, may introduce biases resulting from gender differences in self-promotion behaviors.
• Primer to Critical Race Theory Critical Race Theory (CRT) originated in the 1970s from critical legal studies to examine the intersection of race within society’s institutions. CRT is simultaneously a theoretical framework, research methodology, and movement that illuminates the impact of white supremacy and racism on the day-to-day lives of minoritized communities.
• How Male Allies Can Support Women Advancement in Academic Med Despite calls for action, health care leaders have often struggled to cultivate environments that promote and sustain equity of opportunity for women in academic medicine. In most cases, leaders are well intentioned but have limited guidance as to approaches for supporting gender equity in academic medicine. Building on evidence-based strategies, this AM Last Page offers 10 clear ways for male allies to support women in medicine.
  
• The Culture and Justice Quorum at University of California, San Diego: A Departmental Approach to Dismantling Structural Racism Structural racism is embedded within the structure and function of academic medical institutions. Although many institutions have begun to incorporate racial justice within academic medicine, it needs to be integral to every discipline and all aspects of medical education, research, and health system practice. Guidance is lacking, however, on how to create and sustain department-level action to shift culture and encourage antiracist work.
• Addressing disparities in academic medicine: what of the minority tax? By Rodigez, Campbell, Pololi. The authors examine the components of the URMM responsibility disparity and use information from the medical literature and from human resources to suggest practical steps that can be taken by academic leaders and policymakers to move toward establishing faculty equity and thus increase the numbers of black, Latino, and Native American faculty in academic medicine.
  

Books

• Damon Tweedy's book, "Black Man in a White Coat"By Damon Tweedy, M.D. One doctor’s passionate and profound memoir of his experience grappling with race, bias, and the unique health problems of black Americans.

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